This article is from the Aquaria: Plants FAQ, by multiple authors.
This is very important to plant growth. Without sufficient quantities
of dissolved CO2, photosynthesis cannot take place. Most tanks will
have some CO2 due to fish respiration but this is usually not enough
to get "lush" growth. Some plants do not need much CO2 and some plants
like Cryptocorynes actually seem to do worse with higher levels of
CO2.
Typical levels of CO2 in a non-CO2-injected aquarium are in the range
of 1-3 ppm. Most plants will flourish with levels of 10-20 ppm but
this requires some type of CO2 injection. With lower levels of CO2,
the plants will not be able to utilize high levels of light and
nutrients and the extra light and nutrients will be used by algae.
 
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