This article is from the Italy FAQ, by Gianluigi Sartori gg@angel.stanford.edu, Paolo Fiorini fiorini@telerobotics.jpl.nasa.gov with numerous contributions by others.
Paolo Bellutta <bellutta@ohsu.EDU> writes:
The only difference I found was the optical axis of a cylindrical
lens (for astigmatism) have different reference and direction.
In the US. 0 deg. is like in trigonometry while in Italy the
right eye has the 0 deg. on the horizontal axis, but on the
*left*, and positive clockwise.
 
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