This article is from the Toyota Tundra FAQ, by Steve Yee with numerous contributions by others.
A Manufacturer's recall is a situation in which most vehicles produced in a
production or tooling run (see explanation in Section 4.90 of what a production
or tooling run means) has a severe enough flaw in a component or group of
components in that continued operation of the vehicle without modification or
repair could result in personal injury or death of the driver and/or occupants
of the vehicle. This type of recall is known as a national recall. An
excellent case of a national recall is where Ford Motor Company recalled a
group of vehicles to have their ignition switches replaced.
Recalls can also be regional. A regional recall is one where specific vehicles
were sent or modified in a certain geographical area. A known example of a
regional recall is mentioned in section 3.7 - Towing Hitches.
 
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